Engineering notes
Articles for people who
ship the stack
Rewrites on React, Node.js, TypeScript and AI. A translated body is shown when it exists. If it does not, you see the English text and a note that says so.
Tagged: Encapsulation
Closures vs private vs #: What Each Protects in TypeScript and JavaScript
TypeScript private is a compile-time check, hash fields are enforced at runtime, and closures capture lexical scope. A side-by-side look at what each one does.
7 min readTypeScript Private Fields vs # Syntax: Compile-Time or Runtime Privacy
Compares TypeScript's compile-time `private` modifier with ECMAScript's runtime-enforced `#` fields to help you choose the right encapsulation strategy for 2026 codebases.
12 min read
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